8 Requisitos Esenciales del Matrimonio para Inmigración

8 Requisitos Esenciales del Matrimonio para Inmigracià ³n Es bien sabido que tanto los ciudadanos americanos como los residentes permanentes legales pueden pedir para sus esposos una tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como la green card. Y esto aplica tanto a los matrimonios entre una mujer y un varà ³n como a los de dos personas del mismo sexo. Adems, el matrimonio  una de las formas ms rpidas de obtener la residencia, si bien es ms rpido en el caso de peticiones cursadas por ciudadanos que las solicitadas por residentes. Pero para que esta tramitacià ³n migratoria llegue a buen puerto, Inmigracià ³n establece que necesario  que el matrimonio cumpla con una seria de caracterà ­sticas. En este artà ­culo se explican cules son los requisitos que debe cumplir el matrimonio para inmigracià ³n y tambià ©n cules pueden ser los problemas que dan lugar a la negacià ³n de la green card. Y es que el matrimonio por sà ­ solo no garantiza la obtencià ³n de la residencia. Para empezar, cuatro requisitos que aplican a todos los matrimonios, sin importar el lugar de celebracià ³n. A continuacià ³n se explican otros cuatro requisitios que deben cumplir cuando el matrimonio tiene lugar en Estados Unidos o uno de sus territorios, como por ejemplo, Puerto Rico. 4 requisitos delmatrimonio para Inmigracià ³n sin importar lugar de celebracià ³n Para que las autoridades migratorias aprueben una tarjeta de residencia por matrimonio, à ©ste debe cumplir los siguientes ​cuatro  requisitos: En primer lugar, legalidad. El matrimonio tiene que  tener validez en el lugar de su celebracià ³n, adems, tiene que poder obtenerse un documento oficial en el que consta su celebracià ³n.  Son vlidos tanto los religiosos como los civiles y cualquier otra fà ³rmula que sea aceptada como vlida en la localidad en la el casorio tuvo lugar.​ En segundo lugar, debe ser de buena fe. Lo que tambià ©n se conoce con el nombre de bona fide. Esto es, que se trata de un matrimonio de verdad, no uno que se ha celebrado con el objetivo de que uno de los contrayentes pueda sacar los papeles para la residencia permanente.  Los matrimonios falsos son perseguidos por el Servicio de Ciudadanà ­a e Inmigracià ³n (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s).  Los castigos pueden ser severos.   En tercer lugar, es necesaria la presencia en la boda. Ambas partes conyugales deben estar presentes. Es decir, como regla general no se admiten los matrimonios por poder. Si este es tu caso, debers probar que despuà ©s del casorio ha habido una consumacià ³n de la relacià ³n (ha habido sexo entre los esposos). En cuarto lugar, se exige solterà ­a. Hay que ser soltero o divorciado o ser viudo o haber obtenido la anulacià ³n de un matrimonio anterior. No se admite ni la bigamia ni la poligamia. 4 requisitos adicionales si el matrimonio se celebra en Estados Unidos Las bodas y sus requisitos son un asunto regulado por cada estado. Esto quiere decir que tienes que cumplir con las leyes del lugar en el que celebra.  Debes tener en cuenta estos 4 requisitos: 1. Residencia. En algunos estados debers residir en el estado por un nà ºmero de dà ­as para poder casarte. En otros no. Esto quiere decir que puedes casarte legalmente en algunos estados en los que no vives, pero en otros no ser posible. Lo importante es que una vez que se celebra el matrimonio en EEUU respetando las leyes estatales del lugar ser reconocido por todos los estados y, lo ms importante para inmigracià ³n, por el gobierno federal. 2. Edad. Si tienes 18 aà ±os, puedes contraer matrimonio libremente. Si eres ms joven debers verificar las leyes de tu estado. En muchos es posible casarse con 16, pero en otros ser preciso el consentimiento de los padres. Para edades ms jà ³venes siempre se va a necesitar dicho consentimiento e incluso en algunos estados el de un juez. 3. Parentesco. Si te quieres casar con un primo carnal (en primer grado) debers comprobar las leyes locales, ya que aproximadamente la mitad de los estados lo prohà ­be o establece serias limitaciones de edad requiriendo que los novios hayan dejado atrs la edad de procrear. 4. Common law. En algunos estados se considera matrimonio cuando dos personas se ponen de acuerdo en vivir juntas y proclamarse pà ºblicamente como esposos. Esto es posible si vives en Alabama, Carolina del Sur, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Montana, Oklahoma, Pensilvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah y el Distrito de Columbia. Si este es tu caso antes de presentar los papeles habla con un abogado de inmigracià ³n o consulta directamente con el USCIS, lo que puedes hacer con el servicio de INFOPASS. Por supuesto que los matrimonios celebrados en el Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico son reconocidos por las autoridades de inmigracià ³n a todos los efectos migratorios. 6 problemas que pueden surgir en la tramitacià ³n de la residencia por matrimonio A pesar de estar casado legalmente y de  buena fe con un ciudadano estadounidense o un residente permanente legal puede darse el caso de que las autoridades migratorias no aprueben para el cà ³nyuge pedido la green card, o la visa de inmigrante si est en el extranjero. Las razones pueden ser varias, destacando las siguientes: 1. Que la persona que presenta la peticià ³n, es decir, el ciudadano o el residente, haya sido condenado por un delito que impide solicitar los papeles para un familiar segà ºn la ley Adam Walsh.   2. Que la persona que presenta la peticià ³n no tenga los recursos econà ³micos que pide la ley para poder patrocinar a un familiar. Este tema es particularmente problemtico cuando se trata de un ciudadano americano que lleva tiempo viviendo en otro paà ­s y desea regresarse a los Estados Unidos acompaà ±ado de su cà ³nyuge. En todo caso, tener presente que si se carecen de medios econà ³micos la ley permite buscar co-patrocinador para firmar la declaracià ³n de sostenimiento (affidavit of support). 3. Que el matrimonio sea considerado falso por Inmigracià ³n. Tener en cuenta que es posible la denuncia anà ³nima de matrimonios de conveniencia. 4. Que la persona que presenta la peticià ³n decide ponerle fin durante su tramitacià ³n. 5. Que se produce un divorcio. Esto podrà ­a  ser especialmente problemtico en los casos de residencias permanentes concedidas condicionalmente por un periodo de dos aà ±os, pero no es el à ºnico caso. 6. Que la persona extranjera para la que se piden los papeles sea inadmisible. Es decir, que la residencia se deniegue por una de estas 42 causas. En este punto hay que tener en cuenta que el problema surge al final de la tramitacià ³n. Es decir, se obtiene la aprobacià ³n de la primera gestià ³n, que es el formulario I-130, pero al final Inmigracià ³n dice no. En este apartado de considerar al extranjero como inadmisible destacar dos casos, aunque no son los à ºnicos. En primer lugar, si se ha ingresado a los Estados Unidos con visa K-1 de prometido de ciudadano americano, es necesario casarse con la persona que realizà ³ la peticià ³n. No es posible casarse con otra distinta. Esto solo da lugar a problemas y muy serios.   En segundo lugar, el problema que surge cuando el extranjero pedido est ilegalmente en los Estados Unidos. Si se encuentra en la actualidad como indocumentado decir que si se casa con un residente permanente no podr arreglar los papeles por esa causa, porque no puede ajustar su estatus. P​or el contrario, si  se casa con un ciudadano americano hay una gran diferencia entre las personas que ingresaron a los Estados Unidos legalmente y que sà ­ pueden ajustar su estatus y aquellos que cruzaron ilegalmente, que no pueden hacerlo. Las personas en esta à ºltima situacià ³n tienen que salir de los Estados Unidos para ir a travà ©s de un procedimiento consular y ahà ­ probablemente surjan los problemas y tengan que esperar fuera por mucho tiempo.   Otra posible opcià ³n es el Parole in Place, pero en este caso el migrante indocumentado que ingresà ³ ilegalmente tendrà ­a que estar casado con un ciudadano que est en el Ejà ©rcito o es veterano.Por eso consultar con un abogado reputado para ver cules son las opciones. Verificar tambià ©n si es posible calificar para recibir la waiver provisional por dureza extrema, que se recibe antes de salir de los Estados Unidos. Por à ºltimo, los extranjeros que han estado ilegalmente en los Estados Unidos y ahora estn fuera del paà ­s estn sujetos, salvo excepciones, al castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aà ±os  aunque tengan una peticià ³n realizada por un cà ³nyuge. Aunque en algunos casos es posible pedir una waiver, tambià ©n conocido como perdà ³n o permiso, lo cierto es que no aplica a todos y hay que cumplir requisitos muy serios. En otras palabras, hay que tener muy claro en el caso de ser migrante indocumentado cundo se est en una situacià ³n que la ley permite ajustar el estatus por matrimonio y cundo no es posible. Es importante conocer la situacià ³n real, buscar buen consejo legal y evitar ser và ­ctimas de fraude por pate de personas sin escrà ºpulos que prometen arreglar los papeles a cambio de pagar una importante suma de dinero y por ley es imposible que se dà © lo que prometen. Test de respuestas mà ºltiples sobre la green card Este test resuelve importantes dudas e inquietudes comunes sobre la tarjeta de residencia. Se aconseja tomarlo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

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